definition of emotion in psychology

This leads to an aversion to the odor cue that suggests the rats learned to fear the odor cue. Components of emotion There are three components of emotion. This theory is connected to the work of Charles Darwin and William James that hypothesized that facial expressions impact emotion as opposed to their being a response to an emotion. This review discusses the history of motivation and emotion concepts in psychology and affective neuroscience, drawing on both animal studies and human studies, in order to gain a better perspective on recent concepts and debates. For example, how love is expressed is different both from person to person and across cultures. Some emotions are innate. This would seem to suggest that the pattern of activity in facial muscles involved in generating emotional expressions is universal, and indeed, this idea was suggested in the late 19th century in Charles Darwin’s book The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals (1872). The Cannon-Bard theory maintains that emotional experience occurs simultaneous to and independent of physiological arousal. Functioning of Emotions in Life 4. In fact, emotions have been observed in animals by researchers for several years, suggesting that they’re pivotal to survival in other species as well. Imagine you find a venomous snake crawling up your leg just after taking a drug that prevented sympathetic nervous system activation. The basolateral complex has dense connections with a variety of sensory areas of the brain. The amygdala plays a role in processing emotional information and sending that information on to cortical structures (Fossati, 2012).The hippocampus integrates emotional experience with cognition (Femenía, Gómez-Galán, Lindskog, & Magara, 2012). Lazarus (1991) developed the cognitive-mediational theory that asserts our emotions are determined by our appraisal of the stimulus. Therefore, different people may have different emotional experiences even when faced with similar circumstances. The physiological and behavioral responses associated with emotions illustrate that emotion is much more than a mental state. For example, research has shown that individuals from the United States express negative emotions like fear, anger, and disgust both alone and in the presence of others, while Japanese individuals only do so while alone (Matsumoto, 1990). Summary: Researchers propose emotions are cognitive states which occur as a result of conscious experiences, and not innately programmed into our brains. In revisiting our example involving the venomous snake in your backyard, the two-factor theory maintains that the snake elicits sympathetic nervous system activation that is labeled as fear given the context, and our experience is that of fear. Theories and hypotheses about emotions date back centuries. If you were to encounter some threat in your environment, like a venomous snake in your backyard, your sympathetic nervous system would initiate significant physiological arousal, which would make your heart race and increase your respiration rate. It is critical for classical conditioning and for attaching emotional value to learning processes and memory. Human research also suggests a relationship between the amygdala and psychological disorders of mood or anxiety. In psychology and philosophy, emotion typically includes a subjective, conscious experience characterized primarily by psychophysiological expressions, biological reactions, and mental states. Behavioral responses are important to signal to others how we’re feeling, but research shows that they’re also vital to individuals’ well-being. They included happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise and disgust. Others, such as distress, joy, or depression, are very general. A mood is described by the APA as “any short-lived emotional state, usually of low intensity.” Moods differ from emotions because they lack stimuli and have no clear starting point. Typically, the word emotion indicates a subjective, affective state that is relatively intense and that occurs in response to something we experience ([link]). Because, basically, our emotions drive us — excitement, pleasure, even anger.” That is why it’s important that we’re able to understand emotions as they play such an important role in how we behave. Earlier, you learned about the limbic system, which is the area of the brain involved in emotion and memory ([link]). The term emotion is derived from the Latin verb ‘movere’ means stir up, agitate, disturb or move. Emotions are often confused with feelings and moods, but the three terms are not interchangeable. It played a role long before it was officially defined, and likely will for years to come. LeDoux also views some emotions as requiring no cognition: some emotions completely bypass contextual interpretation. Other complex emotions include love, embarrassment, envy, gratitude, guilt, pride, and worry, among many others.

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